Written by Steve Theunissen | ISSA: CPT & Fitness Nutrition
Fact checked by Robert Iafelice, MS, RD, LDN
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Multivitamins have become a popular way for people to augment their diets with essential vitamins and minerals. For women, multivitamins can be especially beneficial as they can help support overall wellness and health, as well as address specific needs such as reproductive health and bone density. However, with so many different multivitamin options available on the market, it can be difficult to know which one is right for you.
In this article, we review the nine best multivitamins for women on the current market. We also take a closer look at multivitamins for women, including the nutrients they should contain, the benefits they can provide, and how to choose the best dietary supplements for every age and life stage you may be going through.
9 Best Multivitamins For Women
- Overall Best: Pure Encapsulations O.N.E.
- Best Prenatal: Ritual Essential Prenatal Multivitamin
- Best For Active Women: Athletic Greens AG1
- Best For Women In Their 20s: Ritual Essential 18+
- Best For Women Over 40: New Chapter Every Women's 40+
- Best For Women Over 50: Ritual Essential 50+
- Best For Women With Iron: Naked Nutrition Multivitamin For Women
- Best Organic: Garden of Life mykind Organics Women's
- Best Gummy: SmartyPants Women's Complete
SFS Pick
Pure Encapsulations O.N.E.
SFS Prenatal Pick
Ritual Prenatal
SFS Athletic Pick
AG1
1. Overall Best Multivitamin For Women: Pure Encapsulations O.N.E.
Pure Encapsulations O.N.E. Multivitamin is a high-quality multivitamin that contains essential vitamins and minerals in a convenient, once-daily capsule. This multivitamin is designed to support overall health and well-being and is suitable for men and women of all ages.
One of the unique features of Pure Encapsulations O.N.E. Multivitamin is that it contains active forms of certain vitamins, such as vitamin B12 and folate, which may be more readily absorbed and utilized by the body than other forms. This can help ensure that the body is getting the full benefits of these nutrients.
Pure Encapsulations O.N.E. Multivitamin also contains a host of other essential vitamins and minerals, including vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and more. These nutrients are important for supporting energy production, immune system function, healthy pregnancies, and bone health. You also get 100% of the DV of folate in its natural, most bioavailable form. Folate is especially important for women who are pregnant or trying to get pregnant, as it can help prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
This multivitamin is free from common allergens, such as wheat, gluten, egg, and dairy, and doesn't contain any artificial preservatives, flavors, and colors. It is also independently tested for purity and quality, which can provide peace of mind that the product contains what it says on the label and is free from harmful contaminants.
Pros
- Only requires taking a single capsule daily
- 3rd party tested
- Highly bioavailable
Cons
- Does not contain iron
Once-daily nutrient essentials provides vitamins A, B, C, D and E in highly bioavailable forms, and sustained-release CoQ10, Metafolin L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate...
2. Best Prenatal Multivitamin For Women: Ritual Essential Prenatal Multivitamin
Ritual Essential Prenatal Multivitamin is designed specifically for pregnant and nursing women. This multivitamin contains essential nutrients in their most bioavailable forms to support fetal development and maternal health.
One of the unique features of Ritual Essential Prenatal Multivitamin is that it contains choline, which is an essential nutrient that is important for fetal brain development. This nutrient is often overlooked in other prenatal multivitamins.
In addition to choline, Ritual Essential Prenatal Multivitamin contains a diversity of other essential nutrients, including folate, iron, vitamin D3, vitamin B12, omega-3 fatty acids, and more. These nutrients can help bolster overall health and well-being during pregnancy and nursing.
Ritual Essential Prenatal Multivitamin is free from artificial colors, preservatives, and fillers and is also non-GMO and gluten-free. It is also tested for purity and potency, which can provide peace of mind that the product contains what it says on the label and is free from harmful contaminants.
Pros
- Contains choline for fetal brain development
- Contains omega-3 fatty acids
- 3rd party tested
Cons
- Has a somewhat fishy aftertaste
Essential For Women Multivitamin Prenatal helps provide important nutrients to mother and developing child. Designed to support neural tube development, adding Essential Prenatal...
3. Best Multivitamin For Active Women: Athletic Greens AG1
Athletic Greens AG1 is designed for active individuals who want to support their overall health and well-being. This multivitamin contains a blend of over 75 vitamins, minerals, and whole food-sourced ingredients to support energy production, immune system function, and overall health.
Athletic Greens AG1 contains a blend of superfoods and digestive enzymes to help support gut health, immune health, and nutrient absorption. It also contains adaptogens, which can help support the body's response to stress.
In addition to these unique features, Athletic Greens AG1 also contains essential vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin A, calcium, magnesium, and more.
This supplement comes in powder form, with the daily recommended dosage being a single scoop mixed with water.
Pros
- 75+ ingredients
- Digestive enzymes
- Probiotics
Cons
- Quite expensive
AG1 contains powerful plant extracts, adaptogenic herbs and antioxidants to help your metabolism, energy and ability to adapt to stress. Nutrient-dense superfoods support the microbiome and provide...
4. Best Multivitamin For Women In Their 20s: Ritual Essential 18+
Ritual Essential 18+ for Women is targeted at women in their 20s. Its key ingredients are omega-3 DHA, folate, magnesium, boron, and vitamins B12, K1, D3, and E.
DHA is important for eye and brain health and may help reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases. It is especially important for women who are currently pregnant or planning to become pregnant, as it can help support fetal brain and eye development. Folate is important for overall health and well-being and is especially important for women who are pregnant or trying to conceive, as it can help avoid neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
Ritual Essential 18+ is a subscription-based supplement. When signing up for a subscription, you will receive a monthly supply of the multivitamin at a discounted price. The subscription can be paused or canceled easily, and the company will send email reminders before each shipment is sent out.
Pros
- 3rd party tested
- Contains DHA
- Vegan friendly
Cons
- Not as great a range of vitamins and minerals as competitors
Ritual's Essential for Women Multivitamin 18+ is specifically designed to support healthy nutrition for women. This product uses plant-based sources to bring Omega-3s...
5. Best Multivitamin For Women Over 40: New Chapter Every Women's 40+
New Chapter Every Women's 40+ multivitamin is a dietary supplement designed to meet the nutritional needs of women over the age of 40. It is made from organic and non-GMO whole foods, herbs, and other nutrients that are specifically chosen to support women's health during this stage of life.
This multivitamin contains essential vitamins and minerals, including Vitamin D3, Vitamin K2, and calcium, which are important for maintaining strong bones and teeth. It also includes fermented organic herbs, such as ginger and turmeric, which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties and ability to support healthy digestion.
Additionally, Every Women's 40+ multivitamin contains a blend of organic fruits and vegetables, such as raspberries and broccoli, which provide antioxidant and immune support.
This supplement contains no artificial colors, flavors, and synthetic fillers. It can be taken with or without food and is suitable for vegetarians.
Pros
- Highly bioavailable
- Contains organic fruits and vegetables
- Third-party testing
Cons
- Contains proprietary blends
Designed to support women's health needs after 40, including nutrients for heart, brain, bone, stress, digestive & breast health support + healthy hair, skin, and nails...
6. Best Multivitamin For Women Over 50: Ritual Essential 50+
Ritual Essential 50+ is a daily multivitamin designed for women who are 50 years old or older. It contains a blend of essential nutrients that are specifically tailored to the needs of women in this age group, including vitamin B12 for energy, vitamin D3 for bone health, and omega-3 fatty acids for heart health. Ritual Essential 50+ also includes a proprietary blend of antioxidants and other nutrients to support overall health and wellness.
Compared to Ritual Essential 40+, which is designed for women between the ages of 18 and 49, Ritual Essential 50+ contains higher levels of certain vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin D3 and calcium, which are important for bone health in older women. It also includes higher levels of vitamin B12, which can help combat age-related cognitive decline.
Ritual focuses on providing nutrients that are the hardest to get from diet alone. Calcium and vitamin C are not included in Ritual Essential 50+, both of which most people are getting plenty of through whole food nutrition.
Pros
- 3rd party tested
- Delayed-release capsules
- Helps reduce fat storage process
Cons
- No calcium or vitamin C
Essential For Women Multivitamin 50+ has been created with the post-menopausal woman in mind. As you age, your nutritional needs change, and Essential For Women 50+ supports...
7. Best Multivitamin For Women With Iron: Naked Nutrition Multivitamin For Women
Naked Nutrition Multivitamin For Women is a dietary supplement designed to provide essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients that women need to support their overall health and well-being. The multivitamin contains a blend of 21 essential vitamins and minerals, including vitamins A, C, D, E, K, and B-complex vitamins, along with calcium, magnesium, and other trace minerals. It also contains 18 mcg of iron, providing 100% of your DV.
The ingredients in Naked Nutrition Multivitamin for Women are sourced from high-quality, natural sources and are free from artificial colors, flavors, and preservatives. The supplement is also free from common allergens, such as gluten, soy, and dairy, making it suitable for women with dietary restrictions or sensitivities.
Naked Nutrition Multivitamin for Women is intended to support women's immune function, energy production, bone health, and reproductive health. The recommended daily dose is two capsules, taken with a meal.
Pros
- 100% of DV for iron
- 21 essential vitamins and minerals
- Vegan friendly
Cons
- Some women may not need additional iron supplementation
Naked Women's Multi is an Iron-Fortified Multivitamin and Multimineral that provides healthy hormonal and immune support with antioxidants from Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, Carotenoids, and Zinc...
8. Best Organic Multivitamin For Women: Garden of Life mykind Organics Women's
Garden of Life mykind Organics Women's is made from organic, non-GMO fruits, vegetables, and herbs that are high in essential minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants that support optimal health.
This multivitamin contains a blend of essential vitamins and minerals, including iron, folate, and vitamin D, that are crucial for women's health, as well as a variety of organic herbal extracts that support hormonal balance, energy, and immune function.
The ingredients in Garden of Life mykind Organics Women's are sourced from over 30 organic whole foods, making it a highly bioavailable and easily digestible supplement. It is also free from synthetic binders, fillers, and artificial colors and flavors.
Pros
- Sourced from organic wholefoods
- Organic herbal extracts
- NSF certified
Cons
- Low in iron
- No calcium
Specially formulated one a day womens multivitamin promotes energy, metabolism, blood and heart health plus radiant skin and nails, with nutrients from whole foods—over 30...
9. Best Gummy Multivitamin For Women: SmartyPants Women's Complete
SmartyPants Women's Complete multivitamin is a dietary supplement in the form of gummies specifically formulated to meet the unique nutritional needs of women. The gummies are gluten-free, non-GMO, and do not contain any synthetic colors, artificial flavors, or sweeteners.
Each serving of SmartyPants Women's Complete provides essential vitamins and minerals, including vitamins C, D3, A, E, B6, B12, folate, biotin, zinc, and iodine. It also contains omega-3 fatty acids sourced from eco-friendly small fish to support brain and heart health, as well as a blend of phytonutrients and antioxidants derived from organic fruits and vegetables.
One of the main advantages of SmartyPants Women's Complete multivitamin is that it comes in a delicious and easy-to-take gummy form, making it more enjoyable to consume than traditional pills or tablets. However, it's important to note that the gummies contain sugar, so those watching their sugar intake should take that into consideration.
Pros
- Contains folate, biotin, and CoQ10
- Tasty gummy form
- Omega-3 fatty acids
Cons
- 7 grams of sugar
SmartyPants Women's Complete provides a complete multivitamin in a delicious gummy form. With CoQ10, Omega-3s, and choline, this multivitamin can help you support a healthy...
Benefits of Multivitamins For Women:
Multivitamins can offer a variety of benefits for women, especially for those who struggle to get all the nutrients they need from their diet alone. Here are some of the key benefits of taking a daily multivitamin:
1. Increases Energy
Multivitamins can help increase a woman's energy in a few different ways. First, many multivitamins contain B vitamins, which are essential for energy production in the body. B vitamins help convert the food you eat into energy that your cells can use. Without adequate levels of B vitamins, you may feel fatigued or sluggish. So, taking a multivitamin that includes B vitamins can help to increase your energy levels and support overall vitality.¹
Additionally, some multivitamins contain other nutrients that can help to support energy levels. For example, iron is important for transporting oxygen throughout the body, and low levels of iron can lead to anemia, which can increase fatigue and weakness. Magnesium is another nutrient that can help support energy production in the body, as it is involved in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body, including those related to energy metabolism.
Interested in iron or magnesium? Check out our articles on the Best Iron Supplements and Best Magnesium Supplements.
2. Can help with healthy pregnancies
Taking a multivitamin can be an important part of a healthy pregnancy for women. During pregnancy, the body's demand for certain nutrients increases, and it can be difficult to get all of the vitamins and minerals you need from your diet alone. Here are some ways that taking a multivitamin can help support a healthy pregnancy:
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Reduces the risk of birth defects: Many prenatal multivitamins contain folic acid, a B vitamin that is essential for the healthy development of the neural tube in the fetus. Ample folic acid intake before and during pregnancy can help lower the risk of certain birth defects, such as spina bifida.
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Supports healthy fetal growth: Prenatal multivitamins also typically contain other important nutrients for fetal growth and development, such as iron, calcium, and vitamin D. Iron is important for the production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the fetus. Calcium and vitamin D are important for the development of strong bones and teeth.²
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Helps with maternal health: In addition to supporting fetal health, taking a prenatal multivitamin can also help support maternal health during pregnancy. For example, iron can help prevent anemia, a common condition during pregnancy that can cause fatigue and weakness. Vitamin B6 might also help reduce nausea and vomiting.
It's important to note that not all multivitamins are appropriate for pregnancy, and it's important to choose a prenatal multivitamin that is specifically formulated for pregnant women. Additionally, it's important to consult with your healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen during pregnancy.
3. Fills nutritional gaps
Multivitamins contain a variety of essential vitamins and minerals that the body needs to function properly, including vitamins A, D, C, E, K, and a range of B vitamins, as well as minerals like calcium, magnesium, zinc, and iron. These nutrients are important for a wide range of bodily functions, including immune function, energy production, and the maintenance of healthy skin, bones, and eyes.
Even if you eat a healthy, balanced diet, it can be difficult to get all the nutrients you need in the right amounts. Certain foods may be lacking in specific vitamins and minerals, or your body may not absorb nutrients from food as efficiently as it should. Taking a multivitamin can help cover any deficiencies in your diet and ensure that you are getting all of the essential nutrients your body needs.
By filling nutritional gaps in your diet, taking a multivitamin can help support overall health and well-being. This can include improved energy levels, a stronger immune system, and better overall bodily function.
If you have nutritional gaps in your diet, you may want to check out our articles on the Best Vitamin D supplements and Best Vitamin K Supplements.
4. Immune system support
Multivitamins may contain key nutrients that are able to boost the immune system:
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Vitamin C: Many multivitamins contain vitamin C, which is crucial for a high-functioning immune system. Vitamin C helps the production of white blood cells, which are responsible for fighting off illnesses and infections. It also has antioxidant properties, which can help protect the body against damage from free radicals and oxidative stress.
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Vitamin D: Vitamin D is vital for immune function, as it helps to regulate the activity of immune cells in the body. It is also important for maintaining healthy bones and teeth, and low levels of vitamin D have been associated with a higher risk of respiratory infections.
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Zinc: Zinc is an essential mineral that is important for immune function, wound healing, and DNA synthesis. It helps to support the creation of white blood cells and can also aid in reducing the duration and severity of colds and other respiratory infections.
Other nutrients: Many other nutrients found in multivitamins, such as vitamin A, vitamin E, and selenium, also have immune-boosting properties and can help to support overall immune function.
For immune support supplements, read our articles on the Best Zinc Supplements and Best Chaga Supplements.
5. Support for life stages
Taking a multivitamin can provide support for women in different life stages by addressing specific nutritional needs during these times. Here are some examples:
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Adolescence: During adolescence, girls need more nutrients to support growth and development. A multivitamin can help provide essential vitamins and minerals that might be lacking in their diet, such as vitamin D, iron, and calcium, which are important for healthy bone growth.
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Reproductive years: Women who are trying to conceive or are pregnant have increased nutritional needs. A prenatal multivitamin can help ensure that they get adequate levels of folic acid, iron, and other nutrients important for fetal development.
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Menopause: During menopause, women may experience a decrease in bone density and hormonal changes that can lead to other health issues. A multivitamin can help provide the necessary nutrients to support bone health and overall health during this time.³
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Elderly women: As women age, their nutrient needs may change. A multivitamin can help provide adequate levels of major vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin B12, which can be difficult for the body to absorb as we age.
Side Effects of Multivitamins for Women
While multivitamins are generally considered safe when taken as directed, they can sometimes cause side effects in some women. Here are some of the most common side effects associated with multivitamin use:
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Nausea and vomiting: Taking a multivitamin on an empty stomach or with food that does not sit well in the stomach can sometimes cause nausea and vomiting. This is usually a mild and temporary side effect.
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Constipation or diarrhea: Certain multivitamins can cause changes in bowel movements, such as diarrhea or constipation. This may be due to the presence of certain minerals, such as iron or magnesium, that can have a laxative effect.
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Upset stomach: Some women may experience stomach discomfort or upset after taking a multivitamin. This is usually a temporary side effect that can be minimized by taking a multivitamin with food.
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Allergic reaction: In rare cases, women may experience an allergic reaction to one of the ingredients in the multivitamin. Symptoms can include hives, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing. If you experience any of these symptoms, you should stop taking the multivitamin and seek medical attention.
What to look for when buying multivitamins for women:
Not all multivitamins for women are the same. To make sure that you're getting a supplement that will provide all the benefits we've just discussed, take note of the following factors.
1. Ingredients
A multivitamin for women should contain a varied range of essential vitamins and minerals that contribute toward overall health and well-being. Here are some of the most important ingredients to look for and why they are included in a multivitamin for women:
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Iron: Iron is important for the production of oxygen-carrying red blood cells. Women are statistically at a higher risk of iron deficiency anemia than men, so it's important for women to get adequate iron in their diet or through a multivitamin.
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Folic acid: Folic acid is key for healthy fetal development and can help reduce the risk of certain birth defects. Women who are pregnant or trying to conceive should take a multivitamin that contains folic acid.
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Calcium and vitamin D: Calcium and vitamin D are important for bone health, and women are at a higher risk of osteoporosis than men. Calcium and vitamin D work in conjunction to build and maintain strong bones.
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B vitamins: B vitamins are essential for energy production and can help reduce stress and improve mood. Women who are on hormonal contraceptives may need higher amounts of certain B vitamins, such as vitamin B6.
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Vitamin C: Vitamin C is important for immune function and can help protect against oxidative stress. It also plays a role in collagen production, which is important for healthy hair, nails, and skin.
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Vitamin E: Vitamin E is a strong antioxidant that assists in protecting against damage from free radicals. It can also help reduce inflammation and support heart health.
2. Dosages
When buying a multivitamin for women, it's important to consider the dosages of the individual vitamins and minerals in the supplement. Here are some things to keep in mind:
- Daily values: The daily values (DVs) listed on a multivitamin label indicate the recommended amount of each nutrient for most people to consume each day. While the DVs of some nutrients are required, others are listed voluntarily by the manufacturer.
- Upper limits: The upper limits (ULs) listed on a multivitamin label indicate the maximum recommended amount of each nutrient to consume each day without risking toxicity. Make sure that the dosages of each vitamin and mineral in the multivitamin are below the UL.
- Individual needs: The dosages of individual vitamins and minerals may vary based on your individual needs. For example, pregnant women may require more iron and folic acid than non-pregnant women. Women who are postmenopausal may require less iron and more calcium than pre-menopausal women. Consult with your healthcare professional to determine which multivitamin is appropriate for your individual needs.
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Nutrient interactions: Some nutrients can interact with each other, making it important to balance the dosages of each nutrient in a multivitamin. For example, excessive intake of zinc can interfere with the absorption of iron, so it's important to balance the dosages of these nutrients in a multivitamin.
3. Life Stage
When buying a multivitamin for women, it's important to consider your life stage, as the nutrient needs of women can vary depending on their age and stage of life. Here are some things to keep in mind:
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Adolescence: During adolescence, girls need more nutrients to support growth and development. Look for a multivitamin that provides enough calcium and vitamin D, which are important for healthy bone growth.
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Reproductive years: Women who are trying to conceive or are pregnant have increased nutritional needs. Look for a prenatal multivitamin that provides adequate amounts of folic acid, iron, and other nutrients important for fetal development.
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Menopause: During menopause, women may experience a decrease in bone density and hormonal changes that can lead to other health issues. Look for a multivitamin that provides high enough amounts of calcium, vitamin D, and other nutrients important for bone health and overall health during this time.
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Elderly women: As women age, their nutrient needs may change. Look for a multivitamin that offers adequate amounts of important vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin B12 and vitamin D, which can be difficult for the body to absorb as we age.
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Vegan or vegetarian: Women who follow a vegetarian or vegan diet may be at risk for nutrient deficiencies, such as iron and vitamin B12. Look for a multivitamin that is specifically formulated for vegans or vegetarians, or that provides adequate amounts of these nutrients.
4. Testing/Transparency
Look for a multivitamin that a third-party lab has independently tested for quality and purity. This can give you confidence that the supplement contains what it says on the label and is free from harmful contaminants.
Multivitamins that carry quality certifications, such as the USP Verified Mark or NSF International certification, should be preferred. These certifications indicate that the supplement has undergone rigorous testing and meets certain quality standards.
Check that the multivitamin lists all of its ingredients and their dosages on the label. This can help you make an informed decision about whether the supplement is right for you.
Look, too, for a multivitamin that provides information about where the supplement is manufactured and how it is made. This can help you understand the quality control measures in place and ensure that the supplement is made in a reputable facility.
5. Price
The price of a multivitamin for women can vary widely depending on the brand, the number of servings per container, and the quality of the ingredients. Generally, a good price for a multivitamin for women is between $10 and $30 per month supply.
6. Reviews
Checking reviews before buying a multivitamin can be a good idea because it can help you get a better understanding of the product's effectiveness, quality, and potential side effects. You can read about the experiences of women who are in a similar life stage or have similar health concerns as you, which can help you make an informed decision about whether the multivitamin is right for you.
Women's Multivitamins FAQs
Should a woman take a multivitamin every day?
Most women can benefit from taking a multivitamin every day, especially if they are not getting all of the essential vitamins and minerals they need from their diet. A multivitamin can help complete nutritional gaps and support overall health and well-being.
Do women's multivitamins work?
Yes, women's multivitamins can work if they are taken as part of a healthy lifestyle and in accordance with recommended dosages. Multivitamins can help fill nutritional gaps and provide essential vitamins and minerals that women may not be getting enough of from their diet.
What are the benefits of women's multivitamins?
Women's multivitamins can help fill nutritional gaps and provide essential vitamins and minerals that women may not be getting enough of from their diet. They can support energy production, immune system function, healthy pregnancies, and bone health. A high-quality multivitamin can also promote healthy skin, hair, and nails and help reduce the risk of certain nutrient deficiencies.
What is the best multivitamin for women to take daily?
The best multivitamin for women to take daily, according to our research, is Pure Encapsulations O.N.E multivitamin, which contains highly bioavailable forms of the key nutrients for women in a single-serving capsule.
Is there a downside to taking a multivitamin?
There can be some downsides to taking a multivitamin. Taking too much of certain vitamins and minerals can lead to harmful side effects, such as nausea, diarrhea, and toxicity. Additionally, some multivitamins may contain lower-quality ingredients or may not provide large enough amounts of key nutrients.
Summary
A daily multivitamin provides many benefits for women at every stage of life, especially when it comes to vitamin and mineral needs. But you can't just grab any multivitamin off the shelf and expect it to work optimally for you. In this article, we've identified the nine best multivitamins for women, broken down by category, and provided guidance on how to make the best buying decision.
The best multivitamin for women on the current market is Pure Encapsulations O.N.E multivitamin.
Once-daily nutrient essentials provides vitamins A, B, C, D and E in highly bioavailable forms, and sustained-release CoQ10, Metafolin L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate...
References
- Li Y, Wang C, Zhu K, Feng RN, Sun CH. Effects of multivitamin and mineral supplementation on adiposity, energy expenditure and lipid profiles in obese Chinese women. Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 Jun;34(6):1070-7. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2010.14. Epub 2010 Feb 9. PMID: 20142823.
- Liu C, Liu C, Wang Q, Zhang Z. Supplementation of folic acid in pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension: a meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2018 Oct;298(4):697-704. doi: 10.1007/s00404-018-4823-4. Epub 2018 Jul 5. PMID: 29978414; PMCID: PMC6153594.
- Dennehy C, Tsourounis C. A review of select vitamins and minerals used by postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2010 Aug;66(4):370-80. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.06.003. Epub 2010 Jun 26. PMID: 20580500.
Steve Theunissen
Author