Written by Sam Coleman | Co-founder
Fact checked by Kiel DiGiovanni, Co-founder
FACT CHECKED
Amidst the palpable rise of diabetes and obesity lies a potent contender for managing these pervasive conditions: GLP-1 receptor agonists.
These remarkable drugs, promising not only enhanced blood sugar regulation but also tangible weight loss, have swiftly permeated the health industry, sparking discussions far beyond mere medical applications.
As we delve into the statistics, we'll unveil the impactful narratives hidden within the numbers, elucidating how GLP-1 drugs like Semaglutide and Liraglutide are reshaping health outcomes and stirring the medical and economic landscapes alike (Walmart has some interesting insight that we'll share further below).
Let's peel back the layers hidden in the data, and consider the potential futures shaped by the widespread use of these fascinating weight loss and diabetes drugs.
Table of Contents:
- What are GLP-1 Weight Loss Drugs?
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 vs Other Weight Loss Medication
- American Sentiment Towards GLP-1 Weight Loss Drugs
- Benefits of GLP-1 drugs
- Risks of GLP-1 weight loss medication
- Studies on Semaglutide
- Top Brands of GLP-1 Agonist Drugs
- How will drugs like Ozempic shape our future?
- What People on Reddit Are Saying About Semaglutide
What are GLP-1 Weight Loss Drugs?
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) drugs are used to manage type 2 diabetes and aid in weight loss. They mimic the action of a hormone called GLP-1, which helps control blood sugar, reduce appetite, and enhance satiety.
Here are the most common GLP-1 drugs:
- Semaglutide (Ozempic, Rybelsus)
- Exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon)
- Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda)
- Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
- Lixisenatide (Adlyxin)
- Albiglutide (withdrawn from the market)
- Exenatide Extended-Release (Bydureon)
- Efpeglenatide (Lyxumia, ZYOG1)
Out of all, the most popular is Semaglutide.
In 2017, the FDA initially approved Semaglutide, marketed as Ozempic, from the pharmaceutical behemoth Novo Nordisk, to assist individuals with type 2 diabetes in managing their blood sugar levels.
In 2021, the FDA granted approval to Novo Nordisk for another semaglutide under the brand Wegovy, for people who have obesity or are overweight and have other health problems, like heart disease.
Wegovy typically contains more of the active ingredient semaglutide (0.5, 1.0, 1.7 or 2.4 milligrams weekly) than Ozempic (0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 milligrams weekly).
Why is Semaglutide so Popular among the GLP-1s?
- Semaglutide has demonstrated strong effectiveness in lowering blood sugar levels and promoting weight loss in people with type 2 diabetes.
- Its shown impressive results in clinical trials, including the STEP program (Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with obesity).
- Many individuals using semaglutide have reported satisfaction with their ability to manage blood sugar levels and lose weight with this medication (both Ozempic and Wegovy).
- The availability of semaglutide in different formulations, such as injections and oral tablets, provides patients with options that cater to their preferences.
All of this is to say, patients and physicians are being driven to GLP-1s, particularly semaglutide, for managing obesity. This is a trend that is becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States as well as other countries.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 vs Other Weight Loss Medication
GLP-1 agonists like Ozempic distinguish themselves from other weight loss medications by not only targeting appetite but also having metabolic effects beneficial for those with coexisting type 2 diabetes.
The weight loss prompted by GLP-1 drugs is also notably substantial compared to other available weight loss drugs, with studies showcasing a remarkable reduction in body weight among users.
Expected sales from 2020 vs 2024 of Ozempic (and other diabetes drugs):
It's exploding. Of course, all this doesn't come without any concerns - physically, mentally, and economically - which we will discuss further below.
American Sentiment Towards GLP-1 Weight Loss Drugs
The rise in attention towards GLP-1 weight loss drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy highlights a blend of wariness and hope in the mindset of American consumers.
Interest & Concerns
32% of adults in the United States who felt they needed to lose weight who were interested in trying select weight loss methods as of 2023
Key Insights from a Morning Consult Survey:
- 26% of U.S. adults are interested in trying these drugs.
- Concerns are evident: 70% worry about long-term effects, while 66% are anxious about short-term ones.
- 2 in 3 adults are uneasy about the necessity for continual use and potential mental health challenges during usage.
33% of respondents for this survey believed GLP-1 medications to be safe (and 37% believed it to be effective):
That may not seem very positive, especially when comparing to other weight loss methods polled, but have a look at a similar survey from 2016, and you'll see a trend occurring in regards to the perception of GLP-1 medication safety.
Perceived Benefits
- 50% and 55% believe the drugs can positively impact physical health and self-image respectively.
- Over 40% foresee advantages like promoting healthier eating and inspiring more physical activity.
- About 36% anticipate benefits in reducing compulsive/addictive behavior.
Prescription Priorities and Insurance Coverage
- 52% feel that those needing the drugs for weight-related health issues should be prioritized.
- Only 11% believe priority should be given to those using them purely for weight loss.
- Regarding insurance, about 2 in 3 believe insurers should cover these drugs for weight-related health issues, and half feel coverage should extend to exclusive weight loss use too.
International Concern
Reports from the UK and EU about stomach paralysis, excessive vomiting, and probes into suicidal thoughts related to these drugs amplify concerns.
Supply and Demand Challenges
Rising demand vs. supply shortages creates a complex situation for those needing these drugs for medical and weight loss reasons.
As these GLP-1 drugs become more prominent, balancing the evident public interest with concerns and ethical distribution will be pivotal in their narrative moving forward.
Insights on Food Sales from Walmart
In parallel, Walmart, the multinational retail corporation, showcases a distinct yet arguably related stance, particularly in the realm of food and nutritional accessibility. Walmart emphasizes providing consumers with affordable, nutritious options, likely recognizing the intrinsic link between diet, obesity, and the cascading demand for weight loss drugs. Through strategies like broadening their array of healthy food options and creating partnerships with health and wellness brands, Walmart indirectly addresses the surging interest in weight loss medications by aiming to mitigate the root issue: unhealthy dietary habits.
There may have to be some balancing among the big consumer staple companies like General Mills or Kraft Heinz.
Benefits of GLP-1 drugs
GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) weight loss drugs, such as Ozempic (semaglutide), are primarily designed to manage diabetes but have also gained attention for their ability to promote weight loss and are even under investigation for potential applications in treating neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers are exploring the efficacy of these drugs in improving glucose utilization and reducing inflammation throughout the body, including the brain, with the aim to potentially slow the progression of debilitating diseases. Notably, while Ozempic and similar drugs have shown promise in initial studies, conclusive results and applications in the field of neurodegenerative disease management are still under research and pending further trial outcomes.
Take the potential applications in treating neurodegenerative disorders with a pinch of salt.
Furthermore, from an economic standpoint, industries may see shifts in demand patterns, which, if navigated adeptly, could pave the way for new market trends, particularly towards healthier product options.
Risks of GLP-1 weight loss medication
GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) receptor agonists, like Ozempic, bring tangible benefits in managing Type 2 diabetes and aiding weight loss but also come with potential risks.
Physical Risks:
- Gastrointestinal Issues: Including nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
- Pancreatitis: A concern though definitive links are under scrutiny.
- Hypoglycemia: Particularly when used with other anti-diabetic medications.
- Kidney Injury: Usually associated with dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea.
Mental Health Concerns:
An instance pointing toward mental health implications is highlighted by Jenny Kent, who experienced significant emotional disturbances upon using Ozempic, a drug approved for Type 2 diabetes and gaining popularity for its off-label use in weight loss.
As more people employ Ozempic to manage diabetes and speculate its efficacy in weight loss, reports to the FDA regarding potential side effects, particularly relating to mental health, have been on the ascent. Kent reported being persistently overwhelmed and tearful after beginning her regimen. This subjective experience is echoed in other cases too, although whether the emotional turmoil is directly related to Ozempic is still under question.
Regulatory Concerns and Investigations:
- The European Medicines Agency was, as of July 2023, investigating over 150 reports concerning self-harm and suicidal thoughts potentially linked to Ozempic and similar drugs.
- In contrast, the FDA has not progressed to an investigative stage but continues to monitor situations closely. The FDA has received 489 reports related to anxiety, depression, or suicidal thoughts with semaglutide drugs (including Ozempic), 96 of which involved suicidal thoughts, with five resulting in death.
A Few Things Worth Considering:
- Database Challenges: Rishi Desai highlights the FAERS database's limits, noting its incapacity to establish causality between drugs and side effects due to its passive and unverified data nature.
- Clinical Trials’ Relevance Questioned: Dr. Amy Rothberg indicates a potential misalignment between clinical trial parameters and real-world use, pointing out that mental health conditions were not represented in Ozempic's trials, possibly overlooking related side effects.
- Unwavering Confidence from Novo Nordisk: Despite emerging concerns, Novo Nordisk firmly backs Ozempic's safety and efficacy, vowing persistent surveillance and cooperation with regulatory bodies to ensure ongoing patient safety.
- Prioritizing Patient Safety: Given the promise of GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic in diabetes management and weight loss, rising mental health concerns necessitate healthcare providers to uphold a vigilant, patient-oriented strategy, ensuring thorough monitoring, open patient communication, and rigorous validation of experiences to safeguard pharmacological use.
Studies on Semaglutide
1. Weight Loss Outcomes With Semaglutide Treatment
The study found that semaglutide treatment at doses used in randomized clinical trials (1.7 mg and 2.4 mg) was associated with significant weight loss. At 3 months, patients achieved an average weight loss of 5.9%, and at 6 months, the weight loss increased to 10.9%. These results align with weight loss outcomes observed in randomized clinical trials. However, longer-term studies are needed to assess prolonged weight loss outcomes.
The study also highlighted that adverse effects were reported in approximately 50% of the cohort during follow-up, with gastrointestinal symptoms being the most commonly reported adverse effects, including nausea and vomiting.
2. Clinical Review Report of Semaglutide (Ozempic)
The "SUSTAIN-6" was a cardiovascular outcomes trial (CVOT) designed to assess the impact of Semaglutide on cardiovascular-related endpoints in patients with T2DM. The primary endpoint in SUSTAIN-6 was the time from randomization to the first occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), which includes cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or non-fatal stroke.
In this trial, Semaglutide (SEM) consistently improved glycemic control, reduced cardiovascular risk, and enhanced patient satisfaction in clinical trials for type 2 diabetes. It showed a favorable safety profile, with a focus on adverse events.
Top Brands of GLP-1 Agonist Drugs
| Drug Name | Use | Administration | Notable Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ozempic (semaglutide) | Treats Type 2 diabetes; side effect may include weight loss. | Weekly injection; anytime, with/without food. | Wegovy is another version approved for weight loss. |
|
Rybelsus (semaglutide) |
Oral Type 2 diabetes treatment. | Daily oral; ideally in the morning, minimal water, empty stomach. | Lacks Ozempic's heart-related benefits approval. |
|
Wegovy (semaglutide) |
Approved for weight loss. | Weekly injection; any time of day. | Avg. weight loss: ~15% of initial weight in trials. |
| Trulicity (dulaglutide) | Type 2 diabetes treatment; potential heart attack/stroke risk reduction. | Weekly injection; flexible timing/food intake. | Weight loss possible but not officially approved. |
| Victoza (liraglutide) | Manages Type 2 diabetes; may reduce heart/kidney risks. | Daily injection; mealtime-flexible. | Saxenda, a higher-dose variant, focuses on weight loss. |
|
Saxenda (liraglutide) |
Approved for weight loss. | Frequent injections. | Avg. 8% initial body weight loss in trials. |
| Byetta (exenatide) | Treats adult Type 2 diabetes. | Twice daily; around meals. | First FDA-approved GLP-1 agonist; no specific heart benefits. |
|
Bydureon BCise (exenatide) |
Manages blood sugar in Type 2 diabetes (10+ years old). | Weekly injection. | No distinct heart or weight loss benefits. |
| Mounjaro (tirzepatide) | Treats Type 2 diabetes; under study for weight loss. | [Administration Not Provided] | Part of the new GLP-1/GIP agonists, reducing A1C levels & weight. |
Considerations Between Brands of GLP-1 Agonists:
- Manufacturer’s saving cards, patient assistance programs, and platforms like GoodRx can offer options for more affordable access to GLP-1 agonist prescriptions, since they are generally available as brand-name products.
- Insurance coverage may also influence the selection of a GLP-1 agonist, as different plans may cover different drugs.
- The selection of a suitable GLP-1 agonist involves considering factors like age, treatment goals, existing conditions, preferences in administration (oral vs. injection and frequency), and insurance coverage. Medical professionals can guide this choice, offering tailored advice based on individual circumstances and needs.
Related: Ozempic vs Wegovy & Ozempic vs Rybelsus
How will drugs like Ozempic shape our future?
1. Tackling Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes:
The extensive utilization of GLP-1 drugs could significantly impact the management and prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes. With medications like Wegovy and Saxenda that are specifically approved for weight loss, and others like Ozempic and Trulicity that have shown positive results in managing blood sugar levels and concurrent weight reduction, a robust implementation of GLP-1 drugs could pave the way for a notable reduction in obesity and diabetes-related complications.
2. Economic Implications on Healthcare:
The extensive use of GLP-1 drugs might assist in lowering the burden on the healthcare system by potentially reducing the number of complications and comorbidities related to obesity and diabetes, such as heart diseases, kidney issues, and stroke. Managing these conditions effectively at an early stage with pharmaceutical interventions could lead to a decrease in the need for more aggressive treatments and hospitalizations in the long run, thereby saving healthcare costs.
3. Alterations in the Food Industry:
A reduction in demand for high-calorie, sugary foods may be witnessed as these medications not only regulate blood sugar but also often suppress appetite and create a shift towards weight loss and healthier consumption patterns. The food industry, on the other hand, might adapt to this change by diversifying its offerings, focusing more on health-oriented products, and leveraging marketing towards low-calorie and low-sugar options to meet new consumer demands.
4. A New Wave in the Pharmaceutical Sector:
With growing interest and reliance on GLP-1 drugs, the pharmaceutical sector could see an impetus in the research and development of not only newer GLP-1 agonists but also other drugs that can impact both glucose regulation and weight management. The expanding market and potential profitability could fuel investments in developing drugs with enhanced efficacy, fewer side effects, and improved patient compliance (such as oral formulations or less frequent dosing requirements).
5. Ethical and Accessibility Concerns:
With the spotlight on GLP-1 drugs, questions regarding equitable access to these potentially life-altering medications come to the forefront. Addressing the disparities in healthcare access and ensuring that these drugs are affordable and available to all strata of society will be imperative. This includes working on insurance coverages, patient assistance programs, and making generics available to ensure that economic barriers do not hinder access to these important medications.
6. Addressing Lifestyle Modifications:
While GLP-1 drugs may offer a pharmaceutical approach to managing diabetes and obesity, the importance of holistic care involving lifestyle and dietary modifications will remain crucial. Educating the population about healthy living, providing resources and supports to make healthier choices, and ensuring that pharmacotherapy is used as a part of a comprehensive care plan, rather than a standalone solution, will be significant in ensuring long-term health outcomes.
7. Regulatory and Policy Implications:
The prominence of GLP-1 drugs may necessitate revisiting and revising healthcare policies, ensuring they are aligned with the latest scientific evidence and societal needs. This could involve updating treatment guidelines, establishing protocols for ensuring judicious use, and incorporating these medications into broader healthcare planning and strategy.
In essence, the role of GLP-1 drugs is multifaceted and its burgeoning use could create ripples across various sectors – healthcare, pharmaceuticals, food industry, and policy-making, sculpting a future where the management of metabolic disorders is significantly influenced by these agents. Balancing the optimism regarding these drugs with grounded strategies that encompass lifestyle, diet, and equitable healthcare access will be the linchpin to ensuring sustainable and widespread positive outcomes.
What People on Reddit Are Saying About Semaglutide
-
TLDR: This individual initially had success with Ozempic, experiencing reduced appetite and weight loss at a lower dosage. However, when the dosage was increased, they suffered bad side effects, leading them to stop taking the medication.
- TLDR: The thread discusses a user's recent prescription of Ozempic. They share their concerns and seeks advice from the community regarding the medication. Others who have experience with Ozempic chime in, offering insights into potential side effects, tips to manage nausea, and their personal journeys with the medication.
- TLDR: This thread revolves around a news article discussing the FDA warning related to Ozempic. People in the thread share their personal experiences with Ozempic, emphasizing its effectiveness in managing type 2 diabetes and promoting weight loss.
- TLDR: This thread discusses the use of GLP-1 agonists for weight loss and whether some individuals naturally have higher levels of GLP-1, which might make them less prone to overeating and diabetes. People also discuss their results from using medication like Ozempic.
Final note:
Navigating through the numerical landscapes of GLP-1 receptor agonists, we've glimpsed a future where health and economy intertwine with each innovative therapeutic stride. As the medical, societal, and market impacts of these potent drugs continue to unravel, our vigilance in observing, understanding, and ethically navigating their evolving narrative becomes paramount. Together, we step into a future that, while rich with potential, also calls for our discerning engagement to ensure that these medical advancements are harnessed in a manner that holistically enhances our health, societies, and global community.
FAQs:
- How much weight can you lose on semaglutide?
- How long does it take semaglutide to work?
- Liraglutide vs Semaglutide, which is better?
- Why isn't semaglutide working?
References:
- What Americans Think of Ozempic And Other Weight Loss Drugs. Morning Consult Pro. Accessed October 14, 2023. https://pro.morningconsult.com/analysis/ozempic-weight-loss-drugs
- Adkison J. Comparing Ozempic, Wegovy and Other GLP-1 Drugs. GoodRx. Published December 7, 2022. https://www.goodrx.com/classes/glp-1-agonists/glp-1-drugs-comparison
- Ozempic for weight loss: Does it work, and what do experts recommend? cultivating-health. https://health.ucdavis.edu/blog/cultivating-health/ozempic-for-weight-loss-does-it-work-and-what-do-experts-recommend/2023/07
- Lupkin S. As Ozempic use grows, so do reports of possible mental health side effects. NPR. Published September 21, 2023. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/09/21/1200201186/as-ozempic-use-grows-so-do-reports-of-possible-mental-health-side-effects
- Antidiabetics -GLP-1 Agonists Background.; 2022. https://www.hca.wa.gov/assets/billers-and-providers/antidiabetics-GLP-1-agonists.pdf
- Adkison J. Comparing Ozempic, Wegovy and Other GLP-1 Drugs. GoodRx. Published December 7, 2022. https://www.goodrx.com/classes/glp-1-agonists/glp-1-drugs-comparison
Sam Coleman
Author