Written by Steve Theunissen | ISSA: CPT & Fitness Nutrition
Fact checked by Tyler DiGiovanni BSBM
FACT CHECKED
Coke vs. Pepsi.
Nike vs. Adidas.
Apple vs. Microsoft.
For people who are into lifting weights, we can add Smith machine vs squat rack to that list. It's a classic rivalry that, just like those others, has passionate advocates on both sides. Some consider the Smith machine to be nothing more than a watered-down version of the squat rack that allows you to cheat and bastardizes the squat movement.
Others view working out on the Smith machine as a way to get the benefits of squats without the risks. As with most debates of this nature, the truth lies somewhere in between.
In this article, we go deep into the Smith machine vs squat rack debate so you can decide which full-body training devices you will use for your workouts.
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Smith machine Vs Squat Rack: Which one reigns supreme?
In order to determine whether the Smith machine or the squat rack reigns supreme, we'll go deep into what a Smith machine is, its pros and cons, and then do the same thing for a squat rack.
We'll discover that each has its specific benefits and advantages. For most people, however, the squat rack should be the number one choice. But then, if your budget allows, a Smith machine would make an awesome auxiliary training device for your gym.
What is a Smith Machine?
A Smith machine consists of a barbell fixed on a vertical track. The bar can travel up and down the track in a directed manner, which can enhance stability and control when exercising.
An adjustable weight stack may be attached to the machine, or it could require weight plates to be loaded. The bar features safety catches allowing you to bail out of an exercise if you cannot complete it by simply twisting your wrists.
Smith machines may have either a straight or an angled track for the bar to move along. Angled tracks generally have a pitch of 5-12 degrees. To unrack the bar in preparation for your set, you push the bar up and then flex your wrists.
Bathhouse manager Rudy Smith created the Smith Machine in the 1950s after gaining inspiration from fitness guru Jack Lalanne. Smith developed the concept for a device that would guide the barbell down a set track as a means of performing free weight exercises securely and effectively.
Instead of the vertical track found in more modern machines, the Smith Machine's initial design used a sliding bar secured in place by several hooks. The design was enhanced and perfected over time, with the inclusion of safety latches and other features.
The two key benefits of using a Smith machine are that they provide a built-in safety mechanism and eliminate the need to stabilize the bar when doing an exercise.
While most people think of a Smith machine as a lower-body trainer, you can do dozens of exercises on a Smith machine.
Smith Machine Pros
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Safety: The built-in spotter mechanism is a major safety benefit of a Smith machine. If you can't complete a rep, you simply have to twist your wrists to flick the bar hooks back onto the frame. That means you can work out without a spotter, even when you're going for a new one rep max! A Smith machine's fixed bar path means there are no chances of losing your balance when exercising.
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Stability: The fixed bar path on a Smith machine takes away the need to recruit stabilizer muscles. This means that you will be able to lift more weight than if you were doing the same exercise on free weights.
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Versatility: The Smith machine allows you to do a wide range of exercises, including squats, bench presses, deadlifts, lunges, and overhead presses. In fact, you can effectively work every muscle group in your body with this one machine.
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Muscle isolation: The fixed bar path of the Smith machine allows you to isolate the target muscle of an exercise more effectively. For example, when doing squats, you are able to place your feet further forward to place greater emphasis on the quads. Here's a quote from a recent episode of Nick Trigili's Bodybuilding & BS podcast, where Nick analyses IFBB Pro Nick Walker's use of the Smith machine in his workouts: "I love using the Smith machine over free weights because you have the opportunity now to focus on just contracting that muscle as hard as possible. You don't have to worry about stabilizing it, you don't have to worry about the bar falling out of your hands, you don't have to worry about anything other than squeezing that muscle you're training. This allows you to put all your focus on that muscle and isolate it harder than ever. So, the Smith machine is not for pussies, guys!"
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Beginner-friendly: The fixed track and reduced need for stability make the Smith machine an excellent choice for beginners. It can help newbies learn the basic exercise movement in preparation for advancing to the free weight version of the exercise.
Smith Machine Cons
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Restricted range of motion: The Smith machine's fixed bar route can restrict your range of motion during some exercises, which can diminish the activation of specific muscle groups and may not nearly simulate real-world lifting as free weights do.
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Decreased activation of stabilizing muscles: Because the Smith machine adds stability, the activation of stabilizing muscles—which are important for balance and coordination—can be reduced.
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Less core engagement: According to some users, the reduced stability requirement means that the core is not as involved when doing exercises on a Smith machine. u/Makoivis of Reddit claims, 'Simplified, smith machines don't train your core or your posture at all. As the weights go up, these weak links will make themselves known and will be a factor in potential injuries.'
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Injury risk: The Smith machine can be useful for lowering the chance of injury during workouts like squats and bench presses, but it can also make other types of injuries more likely. For instance, the fixed bar path may place more strain on your joints, increasing the risk of joint pain or damage.
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Not suitable for all body types: Those with specific body types or proportions may not find the Smith machine to be perfect since the fixed bar route makes it difficult for them to do certain exercises with proper form.
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Absence of functional training: Those training for sports or hobbies that call for functional motions that match real-world movements may find the Smith machine to be less than ideal.
Given that the Smith machine has a fairly equal number of pros and cons, why is its use so controversial among gym members? Based on my 35-year experience in the fitness industry, I think the main problem is that people approach an exercise on the Smith machine, thinking they can do it with the same setup and form as when doing the barbell version.
They cannot. The fixed bar track changes the exercise completely. So, rather than viewing Smith machine exercises as an alternative to the free-weight version, smart exercisers will use them as alternative or auxiliary exercises.
What is a Squat Rack?
A squat rack is a support frame to support the execution of several free-weight barbell exercises, mainly barbell squats. Usually, it is made of a metal frame with two upright posts that are held up by a broad base. It includes safety spotters or 'j-hooks' to catch the bar if you fail on a rep.
There are four main types of squat racks each with its own benefits:
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Power racks: The most stable and supportive squat racks are free-weight power racks, commonly referred to as a power cage. Power cages are frequently used for heavy lifting exercises like squats, bench presses, and deadlifts and normally have four vertical posts. Chin-up bars, dip bars, and plate holders are a few other features that a power rack might include.
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Half rack: A half rack has just two vertical posts, unlike a power rack with four. It is a more portable option that is frequently used in confined space home gyms. Half racks may not have as many features as a power rack, but they can still give a great level of stability and support for lifting.
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Squat stand: A squat stand is a less-complicated variation of a squat rack that consists of two vertical pillars that support the barbell. In contrast to a power rack or half rack, it often has a smaller base and is less solid, although it can still be used for various lifting activities. A squat stand is a good alternative in home gyms or other small spaces.
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Wall-mounted rack: A wall-mounted rack is a space-saving solution that mounts to the wall and collapses when not in use is a wall-mounted rack. Although it may be used for a variety of exercises, its main purpose is for pressing and squatting movements. If you have limited floor space or need a squat rack that is simple to stow, you should consider a wall-mounted rack.
Squat Rack Pros
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More functional movement patterns: Unlike a Smith machine, which restricts the barbell's movement to a defined track, a squat rack allows more flexible and natural movement patterns during exercises like squats and lunges. This will enable you to move more naturally in everyday situations and help you become more athletic overall.
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Improved muscle activation: The free barbell movement that a squat rack allows will activate more muscles, especially the stabilizer muscles that are essential for balance and coordination. This can lead to increased muscle growth and greater general fitness.
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Increased range of motion: Wider range of motion is possible with squat racks as opposed to Smith machines, which can aid in increasing flexibility and mobility over time.
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More difficult: Lifting with free weights on a squat rack is usually more difficult than doing so with a Smith machine since you have to rely on your own strength to stabilize and balance the weight. This may result in increased strength and muscle mass improvements.
Squat Rack Cons
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Reduced stability: A squat rack might not be as stable as a Smith machine, especially for movements like bench presses where the barbell might swing in several directions. If adequate form and technique are not employed, the risk of injury may increase.
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More equipment required: Use of a squat rack requires additional equipment, like a barbell and weights, which might be expensive to purchase if you don't already have them. In comparison, a Smith machine comes with a fixed weight bar.
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Learning curve: Proper form and technique are necessary for using a squat rack efficiently, and these may take some time to learn. Beginners or anyone new to weightlifting may find this difficult.
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Requires a spotter: When going heavy on a squat rack, you will need a spotter to help you complete a rep that you can't get on your own. On a Smith machine, you simply flick your wrists back to secure the bar to the frame.
Smith Machine Bar Vs Squat Rack Bar
A key difference between a Smith machine barbell and a standard barbell is that there is no standardized weight when it comes to Smith machines. In fact, the bar could range between 6 and 45 pounds, depending on which brand of Smith machine you're using.
If you're working out in a commercial gym, the usual range is between 15-25 lbs. That contrasts with Olympic barbells which have a standard Olympic barbell weight of 20 kg (44.09 lbs).
That Smith machine bar weight variation is a big deal. It can make it difficult to know exactly how much weight you are actually lifting. Given that a key principle of resistance training is progressive resistance, that's a pretty significant number to know!
The good news is that if you are using a quality Smith machine, the bar weight will be labeled on the side of the machine. Look for it and then factor it in when selecting the weight you will add to the bar.
Who should buy a Smith Machine?
The following groups of people might benefit from buying a Smith machine:
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Beginners: A Smith machine's fixed bar path can help newcomers develop good form and technique for exercises like squats and bench presses, lowering their risk of injury.
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Those with injuries or disabilities: A Smith machine can offer extra support and stability during workouts, which can be helpful for those whose injuries or limitations make free-weight lifting challenging or dangerous.
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Bodybuilders: Bodybuilders may use a Smith machine to isolate particular muscle parts and carry out workouts with more control and accuracy, which can promote more rapid growth and definition of the muscles.
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People with specific fitness objectives: A Smith machine might be a helpful tool for accomplishing your fitness objectives, depending on what they are. It can be applied, for instance, to specific workouts like military presses, calf lifts, and inverted rows.
Interested in buying a Smith machine? Check out the best Smith machines the market has to offer.
The Force USA G3 All-In-One Trainer is the perfect entry level All-In-One Trainer. Combines a power rack, functional trainer, smith machine, chin up station, and core trainer...
Who should buy a squat rack?
The following groups might gain more from a squat rack than a Smith machine:
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Powerlifters and weightlifters: A squat rack offers a more sturdy platform for these exercises than a Smith machine since powerlifters and weightlifters need a high level of stability and control during lifting exercises.
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Athletes and sports enthusiasts: Exercises using free weights, such as those done on a squat rack, are better suited to achieving the greater levels of functional movement and balance that athletes and sports fans need.
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Bodybuilders and fitness fans: A squat rack's versatility in offering a variety of workouts might be advantageous to bodybuilders and fitness fans who want to increase their strength and muscle mass.
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Experienced trainers: Those who have already mastered their technique on squats will get more benefit from a squat rack rather than a Smith machine.
If you're in the market for a squat rack, check our comprehensive guide to the best that's available. If you're tight with space, check out our list of folding squat racks.
The Force USA MyRack Power Rack is the first truly custom power rack system of its kind. Configure your modular base rack with your choice of 20 attachments...
What to think about when buying a smith machine or squat rack:
When it comes to buying a Smith machine or a squat rack, there are some common features to look out for to ensure that you are getting a superior piece of training equipment.
1. Build Quality
Build quality is largely to do with the frame. When it comes to frame-steel gauges, the lower the number, the stronger the steel. The ideal range for these types of racks is between 11-14.
The frame should also be at least 2 x 2 inches square.
Check that all the welds on the framing are smooth and strong, with no flaws. Inferior welding is a sure sign of structural problems down the track.
If you're considering a Smith machine, there should be no sticking or binding in the track mechanism. This will guarantee that the bar moves throughout exercises smoothly and safely. The lifting mechanism on the track should be capable of supporting the weight you intend to raise, plus some extra weight for security.
The safety catches should be easily adjustable and able to be secured in place securely.
During exercises, the track mechanism should permit a complete range of motion.
2. Footprint
Measure the area that is available in your home before investing in a squat rack or Smith machine. This will ensure sure you have adequate space for the equipment and that you can use it comfortably and safely.
The rack's base should be wide and solid enough to prevent tipping or swaying while in use. Although a broader base typically improves stability, it will also demand more floor space.
The equipment should be at a height that is appropriate for both the user's height and the exercises being done. Be sure the exercise equipment you select allows for good form and technique. This is especially important if you want to do overhead presses.
The space inside a rack must allow for free movement, including the placement of a bench.
3. Weight Capacity
The weight capacity of the rack should be sufficient to support your current lifting level and allow for future advancement. Make sure the equipment you purchase can support both the weight you intend to lift and some extra weight for safety.
The user's weight should be considered when determining the apparatus's weight capacity since heavier users may need apparatus with a higher weight capacity to ensure safe and efficient lifting.
As a general guide, you should expect a max weight capacity on either a Smith machine or a squat rack to be at least 500 lbs.
4. Stability
Stability should be a main factor to take into account when purchasing a squat rack or Smith machine. Purchasing a piece of equipment that is solid and stable will help assure safe and efficient lifting.
Ensure the equipment has a wide base to prevent wobbling or tipping while you're in a heavy set of squats. Check, too, for a rack with an even and balanced weight distribution. The rack's stability will relate directly to its build quality.
5. Solo or Workout partner
If you train solo, you may be better off with a Smith machine due to its built-in spotter mechanism. A squat rack has safety bars, but it isn't as easy to get out of a sticky situation as on a Smith machine.
However, experienced lifters, even those who train alone, may prefer a squat rack due to its more natural movement.
6. Purpose of use
Athletes and others who need functional fitness training that allows the body to move through an unrestricted movement path will be better off with a squat rack.
A Smith machine is better for isolation work that targets specific muscle groups. For example, the front squat on the Smith machine allows you to better target the quads and glutes due to the forward foot positioning.
7. Price
When it comes to price, take the following factors into account:
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Your budget
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The extra features you require, such as a pull-up bar, weight storage pegs, or dip bars
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The build quality and brand reputation
You can expect to pay $500-1000 for an entry-level Smith machine, with prices reaching $5000 or more for a high-end model with all the bells and whistles.
Entry-level cost racks can be picked up for $200-500, going up to around $2000 for a commercial-grade rack.
Smith Machine FAQs
What is a Smith machine good for?
A Smith machine is good for providing a controlled and stable movement pattern when doing exercises like squats and lunges.
It also provides a built-in spotting mechanism to allow the user to bail out of an exercise when they can't complete a rep.
Are Smith machine squats harder or easier than regular squats?
Smith machine squats might be easier or harder than ordinary squats depending on the individual and their lifting expertise.
Smith machine squats have the benefit of enabling the lifter to maintain a more steady and regulated movement pattern, making them easier for novices who may have balance issues or restricted mobility.
However, for seasoned lifters used to doing squats with a free barbell, the set vertical route of the bar on Smith machines may limit the lifter's natural range of motion and make the exercise more challenging.
Also, compared to traditional squats, the fixed bar on the Smith machine may engage different muscles, which could make the exercise harder or easier depending on the person's strength and development. You can read more about this in our article comparing the Smith machine vs free weight.
Are Smith machines worth using?
Yes, Smith machines are definitely worth using. However, they should not be viewed as a replacement for free weight exercises. They can be good for beginners to get used to an exercise like squats before transitioning to a barbell version.
The Smith machine is also a good option for people who train alone, as it has a built-in spotting mechanism. You can also better isolate the target muscle when doing certain exercises, such as the front squat, on a Smith machine.
Squat Rack FAQs
Is it worth buying a squat rack?
Yes, it is definitely worth buying a squat rack. The squat is a fundamental weight training exercise, and you'll need a good rack to perform them safely. A squat rack will also allow you to do a range of other exercises that begin with the bar in a racked position.
Why are squat racks expensive?
Squat racks can be expensive for a number of reasons, including the use of high-quality steel and other durable materials that can support a sizable max weight.
High-spec racks will also require more complex engineering and design, which will increase the cost. Some companies also add extra to the final cost based on brand reputation.
Which squat racks are the best?
There are various premium squat racks available, and they all have different features and advantages. Your unique lifting requirements, financial situation, and available space will all affect which squat rack is best for you. But these are some of the best squat racks currently available:
Summary
As we've seen from our pretty thorough dissection of these two pieces of training equipment, squat racks, and Smith machines are pieces of gym equipment that both have their place in a well-rounded fitness program.
Each has its own distinct benefits and drawbacks. Your decision between them will ultimately come down to what your training goals are, how experienced you are, and what your budget is.
Whatever decision you make, be sure to check out our squat rack or Smith machine to make sure that your hard-earned dollars are going towards a machine that's going to do the job you need it to do.
Steve Theunissen
Author